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Types of Opioids

In this article, we will discuss the different types and classifications of opioids. They are a class of drugs that are commonly used for pain management. They work by binding to receptors in the brain and blocking the perception of pain. They are classified based on their chemical structure and their potency.

  1. Natural

Natural, or non-synthetic, are derived from the opium poppy plant. They include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Morphine is the most potent natural opioid and is used to treat severe pain. Codeine is less potent than morphine and is often used for mild to moderate pain. Thebaine is not used as a pain medication but is used in the synthesis of others.

  1. Semi-Synthetic

Semi-synthetics are derived from naturals, but are chemically modified to produce a stronger effect. They include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Oxycodone is commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Hydrocodone is often combined with acetaminophen and is used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine and is used to treat severe pain.

  1. Synthetic

Synthetics are entirely man-made and do not occur naturally. They include fentanyl, tramadol, and methadone. Fentanyl is one of the most potent and is used for the treatment of severe pain. It is also used illicitly and is responsible for a significant number of overdose deaths. Tramadol is a weaker type and is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Methadone is used for the treatment of dependence and chronic pain.

  1. Endogenous

Endogenous are produced naturally by the body and include endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins. They are released in response to pain or stress and act as natural painkillers.

Read about Oxycodone Acetaminophen 5 325 mg

Classification Based on Potency

The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a system for classifying based on their potency, known as the analgesic ladder. The ladder is divided into three steps:

  • Step 1: Mild, such as codeine and tramadol.
  • Step 2: Moderate, such as oxycodone and hydrocodone.
  • Step 3: Strong, such as morphine and fentanyl.

The ladder is designed to guide healthcare providers in selecting the appropriate drug type based on the severity of the pain.

Read more about opioids.

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